sqlite: enable common flags

[geeksilva97]

This PR enables flags that are common to other sqlite players in Node.js ecosystem:

• https://github.com/TryGhost/node-sqlite3/blob/528e15ae605bac7aab8de60dd7c46e9fdc1fffd0/deps/sqlite3.gyp#L91;
• https://github.com/WiseLibs/better-sqlite3/blob/c12f1091db645d701c9ee9f37e9472fbe9087a80/deps/defines.gypi.

This is related to #56476, even though it does not enable the RBU extension.

I see this as a good step toward the stabilization since it will make it easier for people from other dependencies.