lib: add chainErrors API to avoid error swallowing

[aduh95]

I think the current behaviour is wrong:

• it waits for the file to be closed, but there's no need for this, the error could be passed directly to the user.
• It swallows the error on closing. Failing to close a file is fairly rare in practice, but I think it would make sense to use the default behaviour added in fs: use a default callback for fs.close() #37174 (rethrow the error if one occurs).

Conservatively marking this as semver-major as it might raise an error where it didn't before.
EDIT: I've repurposed this PR to aggregate errors instead.

/cc @nodejs/fs