Devcontainer: bump base image Ubuntu version

[MaxHorstmann]

Can't open dev container on Mac with silicon chip because of older Ubuntu focal (20.04) base image. Bumping to jammy (22.04) noble (24.04) (and also bumping docker-in-docker) fixes it.

$ docker pull mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:focal
Error response from daemon: no match for platform in manifest: not found

$ docker pull mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:noble
noble: Pulling from devcontainers/base
Digest: sha256:3dcb059253b2ebb44de3936620e1cff3dadcd2c1c982d579081ca8128c1eb319
Status: Image is up to date for mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:noble
mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:noble

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR bumps the devcontainer configuration to use Ubuntu 22.04 (jammy) instead of Ubuntu 20.04 (focal) as the base image, fixing compatibility with Apple Silicon Macs where the older image is not available for ARM64. The docker-in-docker feature is also bumped to its latest major version.

Changes:

• Updated the devcontainer base image from focal (20.04) to jammy (22.04) for ARM64 support.
• Bumped the docker-in-docker devcontainer feature from version 1 to 2.

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