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Package Management in python

Module Definition :

  • Normally a single Python source file.
  • Load Modules with import
  • Represented by module objects.

Table of contents

  1. Nesting Modules with packages

    1. PYTHONPATH

  2. Implementing Packages

  3. Namespace and Executable Packages

  4. Recommended Package Layout

  5. Package Distribution

1. Nesting Modules with packages

Package Definition :

  • Special type of module
  • contains other modules and packages meaning hierarchy of modules
  • sys.path is a list of directories
  • package dir paths are stored in path

package[dir]-->module.py

1.1 PYTHONPATH

  • Env Variable
    Windows : set PYTHONPATH=path1;path2
    UNIX : export PYTHONPATH=path1:path2

  • List of paths added to sys.path

  • Use case where we have created sub folders in our python project

2 Implementing Packages

  • Create a root directory ( which was be imported in the sys.path )
  • create a special file _init_.py ( it can be empty ) [ optional for 3.3+ ]

refer to example : demo_reader with nested packages / modules / classes

Running Code #1 and understand the flow:

python -m sys.argv[1] sys.argv[n]..
pythom -m demo_reader.compressed.bzipped test.bz2 data compressed with bz2

2.1 Relative Imports within the same package only

Relative Imports within the same package:

from ..module_name import name

2.1 Projects and VirtualEnvs

3. VENVWRAPPER

  • User firndly wrapper of virtualenv
  • Bind projects with virtualenv

NOTES MAC- multi python 3 versions :

==> /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.10/bin/python3 -m ensurepip
==> /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.10/bin/python3 -m pip install -v --no-deps --no-index --upgrade --isolated --target=/usr/local/lib/python3.9/si
==> Caveats
Python has been installed as
 /usr/local/bin/python3

Unversioned symlinks `python`, `python-config`, `pip` etc. pointing to
`python3`, `python3-config`, `pip3` etc., respectively, have been installed into
 /usr/local/opt/python@3.9/libexec/bin

You can install Python packages with
 pip3 install <package>
They will install into the site-package directory
 /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages

tkinter is no longer included with this formula, but it is available separately:
 brew install python-tk@3.9

See: https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python
==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.10: 3,080 files, 54.9MB
==> Running `brew cleanup python@3.9`...
Removing: /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.7... (3,144 files, 55.3MB)
==> Checking for dependents of upgraded formulae...
==> No broken dependents found!
==> Caveats
==> python@3.8
Python has been installed as
 /usr/local/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3

Unversioned symlinks `python`, `python-config`, `pip` etc. pointing to
`python3`, `python3-config`, `pip3` etc., respectively, have been installed into
 /usr/local/opt/python@3.8/libexec/bin

You can install Python packages with
 /usr/local/opt/python@3.8/bin/pip3 install <package>
They will install into the site-package directory
 /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages

See: https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python

python@3.8 is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because this is an alternate version of another formula.

If you need to have python@3.8 first in your PATH, run:
 echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/python@3.8/bin:$PATH"' >> /Users/satbasu/.bash_profile

For compilers to find python@3.8 you may need to set:
 export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/python@3.8/lib"

==> python@3.9
Python has been installed as
 /usr/local/bin/python3

Unversioned symlinks `python`, `python-config`, `pip` etc. pointing to
`python3`, `python3-config`, `pip3` etc., respectively, have been installed into
 /usr/local/opt/python@3.9/libexec/bin

You can install Python packages with
 pip3 install <package>
They will install into the site-package directory
 /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages